NEURORETINITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND ETIOLOGIES

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the clinical and etiological spectrum of neuroretinitis and treatment outcomes.

Methods: A case series of five patients with neuroretinitis was evaluated for clinical features, investigations, OCT findings, etiology, treatment, and visual outcomes.

Results: Patients aged 5–39 years presented with unilateral visual loss of varying severity. Optic disc edema with macular star was the predominant finding. Etiologies included presumed idiopathic/post-viral disease, sickle-cell disease, ocular tuberculosis, and Bartonella henselae infection. OCT demonstrated optic nerve head swelling and subretinal fluid in the Bartonella case. Etiology-directed antimicrobial therapy and/or corticosteroids resulted in visual improvement in most cases.

Conclusion: Neuroretinitis has a diverse clinical and etiological spectrum. Detailed history, targeted investigations, and multimodal imaging are essential for etiological diagnosis and appropriate management.