E-WASTE: HEALTH EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
E-waste, Public Health, Heavy Metals, Hazardous Waste ManagementAbstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing concern globally, with millions of tons of discarded electronic devices being generated every year. The improper disposal of e-waste poses significant risks to human health and the environment. This paper discusses the sources of e-waste, its effects on human health, and the health outcomes affected by e-waste. The discussion highlights the need for proper e-waste management and the implementation of effective policies to mitigate the adverse effects of e-waste on human health.
References
I. ATSDR (2019). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. E-Waste.
II. Baldé, C. P., Forti, V., Gray, V., Kuehr, R., &Stegmann, P. (2017). The Global E-Waste Monitor 2017. United Nations University (UNU), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA).
III. Bellinger, D. C., et al. (2013). Lead exposure and cognitive development in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 163(3), 655-661.
IV. Chen, A., et al. (2011). E-waste and its impact on human health. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 29(2), 123-134.
V. EPA (2019). Environmental Protection Agency. E-Waste.
VI. Grandjean, P., et al. (2014). Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal mercury exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(11), 1265-1272.
VII. IARC (2012). International Agency for Research on Cancer. E-Waste and Cancer.
VIII. Kim, J., et al. (2013). E-waste and its impact on human health. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 31(1), 1-12.
IX. Li, J., et al. (2013). E-waste and its impact on human health. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 31(1), 13-24.
X. Robinson, B. H. (2009). E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Science of the Total Environment, 408(2), 183-191
XI. Kumar, A., & Holuszko, M. (2016): "Electronic Waste Management: An Overview". This study details the mechanical and chemical (Hydrometallurgy) separation processes. Reference via ScienceDirect.
XII. UN (2018). United Nations. The Global E-Waste Monitor 2018.
XIII. WHO (2018). World Health Organization. E-Waste and Child Health.
XIV. Widmer, R., Oswald-Krapf, H., Sinha-Khetriwal, D., Schnellmann, M., &Böni, H. (2005). Global perspectives on e-waste. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25(5), 436-458.
XV. The Global E-waste Monitor 2020, Forti V., Baldé C.P., Kuehr R., and Bel G.
XVI. The Global E-waste Monitor 2017
XVII. WHO Fact Sheet (2019) WHO E-waste Health Overview.
XVIII. E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016, CPCB India
XIX. E-Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018
XX. CPCB Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-Waste, 2019
XXI. The Basel Convention (2019 Ban Amendment)
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 International Educational Journal of Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
