GENDER DISPARITIES IN ASPIRIN USE FOR HEART DISEASE: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF BIAS IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Keywords:
Gender Bias, Heart Disease, Aspirin, Medical Research, Healthcare DisparitiesAbstract
As research progresses, increasing evidence of gender bias in various fields, including medicine, has been identified. This paper presents evidence of gender bias in treating heart diseases with aspirin. The significant increase in aspirin effectiveness can be attributed to the lower odds ratio of women being prescribed aspirin and its varying efficacy in female bodies. The research highlights the consequences of gender bias in medicine, such as inadequate treatment and health disparities. It addresses the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials and the lack of gender-specific analysis, which contribute to gaps in medical research. Additionally, the paper discusses implicit bias among healthcare providers, leading to differential diagnosis and assessment, limited awareness of gender differences, and inconsistent prescription practices. Understanding and addressing gender bias is crucial to ensuring equitable and evidence-based care for heart diseases, including the appropriate use of aspirin.
References
I. Opotowsky, A. R., McWilliams, J. M., & Cannon, C. P. (2007, January 9). Gender differences in aspirin use among adults with coronary heart disease in the United States - Journal of General internal medicine. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-007-0116-5
II. MediLexicon International. (n.d.). Gender bias in healthcare: Examples and consequences. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/gender-bias-in-healthcare
III. Poulis, K., & Christodoulou, I. (2024). Justificative conformity in ontologically ring-fenced fields: Problematizing the scholarly nomenclature in qualitative studies. Marketing Theory. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931241230046
IV. Sawan, M. A., Steinberg, R. S., Sayegh, M. N., Devlin, C., Behbahani-Nejad, O., & Wenger, N. K. (2023). Chest pain in women: Gender- and sex-based differences in the presentation and diagnosis of heart disease. US Cardiology Review, 17. https://doi.org/10.15420/usc.2022.30
V. Khan, N.A., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Karp, I., Eisenberg, M.J., Pelletier, R., Tsadok, M.A., Dasgupta, K., Norris, C.M., & Pilote, L. (2016). Sex differences in prodromal symptoms in acute coronary syndrome in patients aged 55 years or younger. Heart, 103, 863 - 869.
VI. Ilic, N., Prescott, A., Erolin, C., & Peter, M. (2022). Representation in medical illustration: The impact of model bias in a dermatology pilot study. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 45(4), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2022.2086455
VII. Luepker, R. V., Steffen, L. M., Duval, S., Zantek, N. D., Zhou, X., & Hirsch, A. T. (2015). Population trends in aspirin use for cardiovascular disease prevention 1980–2009: The Minnesota Heart Survey. Journal of the American Heart Association, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.115.002320
VIII. Williams D, Bennett K, Feely J. Evidence for an age and gender bias in the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;55(6):604-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01795.x. PMID: 12814456; PMCID: PMC1884265.
IX. Yerman, T., Gan, W.Q. & Sin, D.D. The influence of gender on the effects of aspirin in preventing myocardial infarction. BMC Med 5, 29 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-5-29
X. Zucker, I., & Prendergast, B. J. (2020). Sex differences in pharmacokinetics predict adverse drug reactions in women. Biology of Sex Differences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-020-00308-5
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Educational Journal of Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.