IMPACTS OF THE GLOBAL (KUNMING-MONTREAL) BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK ON DIFFERENT COUNTRIES WITH A FOCUS ON INDIA

Abstract

The Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework, adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), aims to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. This paper evaluates the framework's impacts on biodiversity conservation efforts, with a particular focus on India. Through comprehensive analysis of secondary data, including literature reviews, reports, policy documents, and detailed case studies from various countries, the study examines how the framework's implementation influences policy changes and sustainable practices. The findings highlight significant progress in developed countries, leveraging substantial financial resources, advanced technologies, and strong institutional frameworks. In contrast, developing countries, including India, face financial constraints, limited technical expertise, and competing socio-economic priorities. Despite these challenges, India has demonstrated innovation in expanding protected areas, integrating biodiversity into national policies, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts. The study underscores the necessity of enhanced international cooperation, financial support, and capacity-building to bridge existing disparities and achieve the framework's ambitious goals.